Christian Mysticism is a subjective approach to God that involves an intense, impassioned love for God that can transport you into times of sustained bliss or of inspiration. Early Christianity had its mystical elements, and it had many practitioners in the Fathers of the early Church. Origen of Alexandria was a scholar whose beliefs influenced and continue to influence, the approach of many Christian mystics. In the modern era, mysticism is enjoying something of a revival, particularly in the “charismatic” Christian movement. Christian mysticism is not constrained by social mores and has a wide range of expression.
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Iranian Philosophy is a philosophical tradition developed by intellectuals of the great cultural Iran, focusing on theoretical and practical wisdom, particularly in ontology, epistemology, and anthropology. This tradition is original and independent rather than imitative. Iranian philosophy is independent of Greek philosophy. In the Iranian tradition of philosophy, philosophy and mysticism (‘Irfan) are generally intertwined. Ḥukamāʾ (theosophists) refers to philosophers and mystics in the history of Iranian intellectual thought. In this tradition, Ḥikmah, which renders wisdom or philosophy, refers to a philosophy based on intellect and the heart. Prominent schools of thought in this tradition include Avicennian, Illuminative, and Transcendental philosophy. We can divide Iranian philosophy into two periods: before and after Islam. Of Iran’s most important philosophical-mystical figures, we can mention Zoroaster, Fārābī, Ferdowsī, Ibn Sīnā, Khayyām, Suhrawardī, Rumi, Shaykh Ṣafī al-Dīn al-Ardabīlī, Mullā Ṣadrā, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn Ṭabāṭabāʾī, and Seyyed Hossein Nasr.
There is disagreement about the characteristics of Iranian philosophy. This article explores eight key topics: defining Iranian philosophy, examining its characteristics, its encounter with modernity and technocracy, the relationship between Iranian philosophy and Islamic philosophy, and the global influence of Iranian philosophy.