{"id":5351,"date":"2022-01-10T14:49:01","date_gmt":"2022-01-10T14:49:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iranianstudies.org\/fa\/?p=5351"},"modified":"2022-11-22T05:50:50","modified_gmt":"2022-11-22T05:50:50","slug":"%d9%85%d9%88%d9%82%d8%b9%db%8c%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%81%d9%87-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b4%da%af%d8%a7%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%ba%d8%b1%d8%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iranianstudies.org\/fa\/1400\/10\/20\/%d9%85%d9%88%d9%82%d8%b9%db%8c%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%81%d9%87-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b4%da%af%d8%a7%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%ba%d8%b1%d8%a8\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u0631\u0628"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u06cc<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">\u0622\u06a9\u0627\u062f\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">(\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06a9\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06f2\u06f0 \u062f\u06cc \u06f1\u06f4\u06f0\u06f0)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f 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\u06f2\u06f0-\u06f2\u06f1.<!--more--><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u06f1\u06f1-\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u06f1\u06f6:<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u06cc\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0637\u064f\u0644\u06cc\u0637\u064f\u0644\u0647<a href=\"#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[i]<\/a>-TOLITU \u00a0(\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0633\u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627)\u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0646\u06cc 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\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u06a9<strong>( \u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc)<\/strong> (\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06f2\u06f5 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646) \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u06af\u0645 \u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06af<a href=\"#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[iv]<\/a> <strong>(<\/strong><strong>BYU<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong>\u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632<a href=\"#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[v]<\/a> \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0631\u060c \u00a0\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0646\u0648\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0645\u06cc(\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627) \u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0641 \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc: \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u062f\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0641\u06cc:\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u06cc<a href=\"#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[vi]<\/a> \u0648\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0686\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648.. \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc 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\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0636\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u06a9\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0645 \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062a \u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u067e\u0646\u062c \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u062c \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u0648 \u00a0\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u062a\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0633\u062e\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0686\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0698\u0627\u067e\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u060c\u0627\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0648\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0647 \u00ab\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0646\u062a \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u00bb \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627:<\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0646. \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc: \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u062a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0646\u060c \u067e\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0644\u06cc: \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0646\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u060c \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0686\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u060c \u062c\u06cc\u0645\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u0646\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0647\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0636\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u063a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u0686\u0627\u067e \u06a9\u062a\u0628 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627:<\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc(\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u06a9)\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0634\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06af\u0648\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u00ab\u0628\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u00bb\u060c\u00a0 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u067e\u0631\u060c \u06a9\u062a\u0628 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627:<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062c\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0633\u060c \u0622\u06a9\u0627\u062f\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u00a0\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u062f \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627:\u00a0 \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u06cc\u060c\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0646\u0631\u060c \u0633\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0638\u0645\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0633<a href=\"#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[vii]<\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633: \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0632\u0627\u0644\u06cc.<a href=\"#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[viii]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u0686\u0627\u067e \u06a9\u062a\u0628 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0648 \u0647\u0644\u0646\u062f:<\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062c\u060c \u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0631\u0648\u062a\u0644\u062c<a href=\"#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[ix]<\/a>\u060c \u0648 \u0622\u06a9\u0627\u062f\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a Oneworld \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0644\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0631\u0648\u062a\u0644\u062c \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f4 \u0686\u0627\u067e \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0686\u0627\u067e \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u06f1\u06f9\u06f9\u06f3 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631<a href=\"#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[x]<\/a> \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u060c \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u060c \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0634\u06cc\u062e \u0634\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc<a href=\"#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[xi]<\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 <a href=\"#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[xii]<\/a>\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0647\u06cc\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0634\u06cc\u0647 \u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0647\u06cc\u0646<a href=\"#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[xiii]<\/a> \u060c \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0647\u06cc\u0646<a href=\"#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[xiv]<\/a> \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u06cc\u0647<a href=\"#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[xv]<\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0644\u062f \u06f8- <a href=\"#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\">[xvi]<\/a>\u06f9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u0686\u0627\u067e \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0646\u062c \u062c\u0644\u062f\u06cc \u00ab\u06af\u0644\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646<a href=\"#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\">[xvii]<\/a>\u00bb: \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0631\u062a\u0634\u062a \u062a\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0636\u0648\u06cc \u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc-\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u0633\u0647 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc:<\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0641 \u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646<a href=\"#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\">[xviii]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u00a0\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0647<a href=\"#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\">[xix]<\/a> \u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0641 \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0631<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627<a href=\"#_edn20\" name=\"_ednref20\">[xx]<\/a> \u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0641 \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u06cc<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0647 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u063a\u0631\u0628:<\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u0633\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u06f2\u06f0-\u06f2\u06f1:<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u060c \u0631\u0646\u0647 \u06af\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0647\u062f\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0626\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0647\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0648 \u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u00a0 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0648 \u06af\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0642\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06af\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0648 \u06af\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0634\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u0646\u0633\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0634\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u06cc \u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u0632\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0644\u0645\u0630 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0686\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u060c \u062c\u06cc\u0645\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u060c \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0636\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u060c \u067e\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u062c\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062c<a href=\"#_edn21\" name=\"_ednref21\">[xxi]<\/a>\u060c \u00a0\u0622\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u06a9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u0646\u0633\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0644 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0634\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u0686\u0647\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0631 \u067e\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0632\u0641 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u06a9\u060c \u0634\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0638\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0647\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0631\u0636\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c \u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0633 \u0627\u0634\u0648\u062a\u0633\u060c \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0630\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0631 \u062f\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u0646\u060c \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u06a9\u060c \u0698\u06cc\u0633\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0633\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0648 \u00a0\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"rtl\"><\/h2>\n<h3 dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0639\u0637\u0641 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u06f2\u06f1:<\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f0 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u00ab\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u00bb \u0631\u0627 \u0637\u06cc \u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a \u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u0645. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0686\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u060c \u062c\u06cc\u0645\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0648\u0686\u0647\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0627\u0632\u0648\u06a9\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u06a9\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u060c \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0635\u062f\u0632\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u06f1\u06f9 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0648 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f1\u062f\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u00ab\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u00bb \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0686\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u060c \u062c\u06cc\u0645\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0641 \u06af\u0627\u0632\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062c\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0627\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u060c\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0636\u0648\u06cc\u060c\u0627\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062a\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0630\u0631\u06cc\u060c\u060c \u06a9\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u06cc- \u062f\u06cc<a href=\"#_edn22\" name=\"_ednref22\">[xxii]<\/a>\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u060c \u0633\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0648\u0686\u0647\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0627\u0632\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u00a0\u0647\u0641\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0646\u062a \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641\u06cc \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0641 \u06cc\u0627 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u062a\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0646\u062a \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641\u06cc<a href=\"#_edn23\" name=\"_ednref23\">[xxiii]<\/a> \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f0 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0644 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u06cc \u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u06cc-\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645-\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0647\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0647: \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0686\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u060c \u062c\u06cc\u0645\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0648\u062a\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0646\u0631\u060c \u0633\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0627\u0632\u0648\u06a9\u06cc\u060c \u00a0\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0633\u0631\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0646\u062a \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u06a9\u0627\u062f\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646<a href=\"#_edn24\" name=\"_ednref24\">[xxiv]<\/a> \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0646\u062a \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0686\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u062f \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0627\u067e \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u0627\u067e \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0642\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0622\u06a9\u0627\u062f\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<a href=\"#_edn25\" name=\"_ednref25\">[xxv]<\/a> \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc<a href=\"#_edn26\" name=\"_ednref26\">[xxvi]<\/a> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u060c\u00a0 \u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f:<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">James W. Morris(1981)\u00a0<em>al-Hikma al-\u2018Arshiyya<\/em>, tr. as\u00a0<em>The Wisdom of the Throne<\/em>, Princeton: Princeton University Press.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">William Chittick (2003),\u00a0<em>Iksir al-\u2018arifin<\/em>, tr. as\u00a0<em>The Elixir of the Gnostics<\/em>\u00a0, Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">M. Dasht Bozorgi &amp; F. Asadi Amjad(2008),\u00a0<em>Kasr asnam al-jahiliyya<\/em>, trs. as\u00a0<em>Breaking the Idols of Ignorance<\/em>, London: ICAS Press.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">L. Peerwani(2008),\u00a0<em>al-Hikma al-muta\u2018aliya fi-l-asfar al-\u2018aqliyya al-arba\u2018a<\/em>, vols. 8 &amp; 9, tr. as\u00a0<em>Spiritual Psychology: The Fourth Intellectual Journey<\/em>, London: ICAS Press.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">M. Dasht Bozorgi and F. Asadi Amjadi (2010),\u00a0<em>al-Mazahir al-ilahiyya<\/em>, trs. as\u00a0<em>Divine Manifestations Concerning the Secrets of the Perfecting Sciences<\/em>, London: ICAS Press.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">Seyyed Hossein Nasr, ed. Ibrahim Kalin(2014),\u00a0<em>al-Masha\u2018ir<\/em>, tr. as\u00a0<em>The Book of Metaphysical Penetrations<\/em>, Provo: Brigham Young University Press.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc:<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">Fazlur Rahman(1976) <em>The Philosophy of Mulla Sadra,<\/em> New York ,State University of New York Pr.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">Seyyed Hossein Nasr(1977),\u00a0<em>Sadr al-Din al-Shirazi and his Transcendent Theosophy<\/em>, Tehran: Imperial Iranian Academy of Philosophy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">Seyed. G. Safavi (2002) (ed),\u00a0<em>Perception according to Mulla Sadra<\/em>, London: Salman-Azadeh Publications.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">Seyed. G. Safavi (2002) (ed),\u00a0<em>A Comparative Study on Islamic and Western Philosophy<\/em>, London: Salman-Azadeh Publications- London Academy of Iranian Press.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u00b7Seyed G. Safavi (2003) (ed), <em>Mulla Sadra &amp; Comparative Philosophy on Causation<\/em>, London, London, Salman Azadeh- London Academy of Iranian Studies Press.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">Seyed G. Safavi (2011) (ed),\u00a0<em>Soul from perspective of Mulla Sadta\u2019s philosophy,\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>London, London Academy of Iranian Studies Press.<em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">Zailan Moris(2003)<em>Revelation, Intellectual Intuition and Reason in the Philosophy of Mulla Sadra: An Analysis of the al-hikmah al-&#8216;arshiyyah<\/em> (Routledge Sufi Series).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">Christian Jambet(2007)<em>The Act of Being: The Philosophy of Revelation in Mulla Sadra, <\/em>Zone Books \u2013 MIT.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">Sajjad H. Rizvi(2009)<em>Mulla Sadra and Metaphysics: Modulation of Being (Culture and Civilization in the Middle East),<\/em> London, Routledge<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">Ibrahim Kalin(2010)<em>Knowledge in Later Islamic Philosophy: Mulla Sadra on Existence, Intellect, and Intuition, <\/em>Oxford University Press(OUP).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">Sayeh Meisami (2013),\u00a0<em>Mulla Sadra<\/em>, Oxford: Oneworld Publications.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">Seyed Salman Safavi(2018) <em>Mulla Sadra: life and philosophy<\/em>, London, London Academy of Iranian Studies Press.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">Seyed Salman Safavi (2018 (ed<em>),\u00a0<\/em><em>Mulla Sadra &amp; Comparative Philosophy on Causatio<\/em>n, London, London, London Academy of Iranian Studies Press.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">Seyed Hossein Nasr and Mehdi Aminrazavi(1999- 2015)<em>An Anthology of Philosophy in Persia<\/em>, London, I.B.Tauris Publishers.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">Majid Fakhry(2005) <em>A History of Islamic Philosophy<\/em>, Columbia University Press; third edition.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">Seyed Hossein Nasr(2006<em>) Islamic Philosophy from Its Origin to the Present: Philosophy in the Land of Prophecy<\/em> (Suny Series in Islam), New York, State University of New York Press.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">Oliver Leaman and Seyyed Hossein Nasr(2015), <em>History Of Islamic Philosophy<\/em>, London, Routledge.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">Henry Corbin(2014) <em>History Of Islamic Philosophy<\/em>, London, Routledge.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">Peter Adamson(2018) <em>Philosophy in the Islamic World: A history of philosophy without any gaps,<\/em> Oxford, OUP.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul dir=\"rtl\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u062e\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u06a9\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0622\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u06cc \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06a9\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u06f2\u06f0 \u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0647 \u06f1\u06f4\u06f0\u06f0 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u062f.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\"><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[i]<\/a> . \u0637\u0644\u06cc\u0637\u0644\u0647\/ \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0648\u060c \u0634\u0647\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0635\u062a \u06a9\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u062f (\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0633\u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627) \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\"><a href=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[ii]<\/a> Bologna. \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\"><a href=\"#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[iii]<\/a> Montpellier.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\"><a href=\"#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[iv]<\/a> . Brigham Young University.( BYU)<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\"><a href=\"#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[v]<\/a> Islamic Philosophy from Its Origin to the Present.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\"><a href=\"#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[vi]<\/a> The Sufi Path of Knowledge: Ibn Al-Arabi&#8217;s Metaphysics of Imagination.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\"><a href=\"#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[vii]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sussex.ac.uk\/study\/modules\/undergraduate\/2021\/V7089-islamic-philosophy\">https:\/\/www.sussex.ac.uk\/study\/modules\/undergraduate\/2021\/V7089-islamic-philosophy<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\"><a href=\"#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[viii]<\/a> Islamic Metaphysics. the notion of Islamic Science. <strong>Ibn Sina&#8217;s<\/strong> epistemology. <strong>Sufism<\/strong> and mysticism. <strong>Ibn Rushd&#8217;s<\/strong> philosophy of language. the philosophy of <strong>Al-Kindi<\/strong>. <strong>Al-Ghazali on ethics.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\"><a href=\"#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[ix]<\/a> Routledge.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\"><a href=\"#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[x]<\/a> Kegan Paul International, 1993.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\"><a href=\"#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[xi]<\/a> Suhrawardi (1998), Hikmat al-Ishraq\/The Philosophy of Illumination, H. Ziai &amp; J. Walbridge (eds.\/trs.), Provo: Brigham Young University Press.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\"><a href=\"#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[xii]<\/a> al-Masha\u2018ir, tr. Seyyed Hossein Nasr, ed. Ibrahim Kalin as The Book of Metaphysical Penetrations, Provo: Brigham Young University Press. 2014.(A new translation of a critically important work on Mulla Sadra\u2019s metaphysics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\"><a href=\"#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[xiii]<\/a> The Wisdom of the Throne. (1981), al-Hikma al-\u2018Arshiyya, tr. as The Wisdom of the Throne by James W. Morris, Princeton: Princeton University Press.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\"><a href=\"#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[xiv]<\/a> The Elixir of the Gnostics. University of Chicago Press; Bilingual edition (2003)<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\"><a href=\"#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[xv]<\/a> al-Mazahir al-ilahiyya, trs. M. Dasht Bozorgi and F. Asadi Amjadi as Divine Manifestations Concerning the Secrets of the Perfecting Sciences, London: ICAS Press. 2010\u060c<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\"><a href=\"#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[xvi]<\/a> Spiritual Psychology: The Fourth Intellectual Journey in Transcendant Philosophy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\"><a href=\"#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[xvii]<\/a> An Anthology of Philosophy in Persia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\"><a href=\"#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\">[xviii]<\/a> Fazlur Rahman(1976) The Philosophy of Mulla Sadra, New York ,State University of New York Press.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\"><a href=\"#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\">[xix]<\/a> Sadr al-Din Shirazi and His Transcendent Theosophy: Background, Life and Works.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\"><a href=\"#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\">[xx]<\/a> Mulla Sadra\u201d life and philosophy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\"><a href=\"#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\">[xxi]<\/a> John Walbridge.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\"><a href=\"#_ednref22\" name=\"_edn22\">[xxii]<\/a> kiki kennedy-day.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\"><a href=\"#_ednref23\" name=\"_edn23\">[xxiii]<\/a> Transcendent Philosophy Journal. <a href=\"https:\/\/iranianstudies.org\/\">https:\/\/iranianstudies.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\"><a href=\"#_ednref24\" name=\"_edn24\">[xxiv]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/iranianstudies.org\/\">https:\/\/iranianstudies.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\"><a href=\"#_ednref25\" name=\"_edn25\">[xxv]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/iranianstudies.org\/fa\/\">https:\/\/iranianstudies.org\/fa\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: 115%;\"><a href=\"#_ednref26\" name=\"_edn26\">[xxvi]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/iranianstudies.org\/\">https:\/\/iranianstudies.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u06a9\u0627\u062f\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 (\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06a9\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06f2\u06f0 \u062f\u06cc \u06f1\u06f4\u06f0\u06f0) \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u06cc \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0634\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u0646\u0647\u0635\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u00a0\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0635\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 [&#8230;]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5321,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[293],"class_list":["post-5351","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-13","tag-293"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u0631\u0628 - \u0622\u06a9\u0627\u062f\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 (LAIS)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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