{"id":4421,"date":"2019-02-19T08:54:18","date_gmt":"2019-02-19T08:54:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/iranianstudies.org\/fa\/?p=4421"},"modified":"2019-02-19T08:54:18","modified_gmt":"2019-02-19T08:54:18","slug":"%d9%88%d8%a7%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%88%db%8c-%d8%b8%d9%87%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%ae%d8%af%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%af%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iranianstudies.org\/fa\/1397\/11\/30\/%d9%88%d8%a7%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%88%db%8c-%d8%b8%d9%87%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%ae%d8%af%d8%a7-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%af%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%aa\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u06a9\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648… \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u06af\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062c \u062a\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc- \u0639\u0642\u06cc\u062f\u062a\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u062f\u0627(\u0622\u0646 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u062f) \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0637\u063a\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0648\u067e\u0631\u0646\u06cc\u06a9[\u06f5]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u0648 \u06a9\u067e\u0644\u0631[\u06f6]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648[\u06f7]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0648\u060c \u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06a9[\u06f8]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc[\u06f9]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u0648 \u06af\u0627\u062f\u0632\u0627[\u06f1\u06f0]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u060c \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0622\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0647\u06af\u0630\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u062e\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u06cc \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062e\u062f\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u06cc \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061b \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0634\u0634\u0645 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/i>(<\/span>Cottingham, 1993, p.70<\/span>) <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/i> \u0648 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0645\u060c \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0648 \u0634\u0634\u0645\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0634\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f[\u06f1\u06f1]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u06cc \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u06f1-\u00a0 <\/span>\u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0628\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0641\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u06f2-\u00a0 <\/span>\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u06cc \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u062f\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u06f3-\u00a0 <\/span>\u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u062e\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0634( \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0632\u0627) \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0646\u062e\u0633\u062a \u0637\u0631\u062d\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u06cc \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u06cc \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0647\u0641\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0650 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0636\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0634 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f.(<\/span>Gaukroger, 2005, p.156<\/span>) \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a (\u0645\u06a9\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06a9 \u0648 \u0627\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u06cc\u0626\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u06cc \u0648…) (<\/span>Kraye, 2005, p. 15-65<\/span>) \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627 \u0631\u062e \u062f\u0627\u062f (\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u06a9\u062a\u0628 \u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u062d\u06cc\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0633 \u0648 \u0633\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0626\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u0645\u06a9\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0648…) (<\/span>Brown, 2005, p. 65- 97<\/span>) \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0633 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u0646\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f( \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0698\u060c \u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0686\u06cc \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0648\u062a\u0686\u0648\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u061b \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0644\u0648\u06a9\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u061b \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0686\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0686\u0644\u06cc \u0648…) ( \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f9\u06f1\u060c \u0635\u0635 \u06f2\u06f0- \u06f5\u06f6\u06f7)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0647\u0641\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631 \u0622\u0634\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061b \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0647[\u06f1\u06f2]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>( \u0627\u0632 \u06f1\u06f5\u06f6\u06f2 \u062a\u0627 \u06f1\u06f5\u06f9\u06f4)\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648 …(\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0635\u0635\u06f2\u06f8\u06f4- \u06f3\u06f0\u06f8) \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0634\u06a9\u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u0622\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0634\u06a9\u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u062d\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0650 \u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0636\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0648 \u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0628[\u06f1\u06f3]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u061b \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648 \u067e\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u062f[\u06f1\u06f4]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>. \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628- \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0636\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a-\u00a0 <\/span>\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0634\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u06a9\u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0642\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0636\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u062c\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d[\u06f1\u06f5]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0632[\u06f1\u06f6]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u06a9\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u062c\u06cc \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u00ab\u06af\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634[\u06f1\u06f7]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u00bb \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f1\u06f6\u06f3\u06f7 \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0634\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0634 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f1\u06f6\u06f4\u06f1 \u00ab\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/i>[\u06f1\u06f8]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u00bb \u0648 \u00ab\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0647\u0627<\/i>\u00bb[\u06f1\u06f9]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f1\u06f6\u06f4\u06f4\u060c \u00ab\u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647<\/i>[\u06f2\u06f0]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u00bb \u0631\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0630\u0647\u0646<\/span><\/i>[\u06f2\u06f1]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>(\u06f1\u06f6\u06f2\u06f8)\u060c \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646<\/i>[\u06f2\u06f2]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>(\u06f1\u06f6\u06f3\u06f4)\u060c \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u06cc \u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc<\/i>[\u06f2\u06f3]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>(\u06f1\u06f6\u06f4\u06f7) \u0648 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u062d<\/i>[\u06f2\u06f4]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>(\u06f1\u06f6\u06f4\u06f9) (<\/span>Wilson, 2005, p. XVI- XVII<\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/i> \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>\u0628\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/i> \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u06cc \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u06cc \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u062f. \u0648\u0627\u06af\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u06a9\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.( <\/span>Descartes, 2008, IX<\/span>) <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u062e\u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0645<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0631 \u0634\u06cc\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0634 \u062a\u0623\u06a9\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0627 \u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06cc \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u061f(<\/span>Wilson, 2005, p.105<\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0634\u06a9\u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u06a9\u0627[\u06f3\u06f2]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062f. \u0647\u0645 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631( \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062e\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u06a9\u0627\u0631) \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062e\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u061f \u0648 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u061f \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u0634\u0641 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0631\u06af\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.( <\/span>Wilson, 2005, p.106<\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u06cc \u0628\u062d\u062b \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u06cc \u0641\u0637\u0631\u06cc[\u06f3\u06f3]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc[\u06f3\u06f4]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u0648 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u06cc[\u06f3\u06f5]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u06cc \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0635\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a. \u0686\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0637\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a.( \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f8\u06f9\u060c \u0635 \u06f1\u06f6\u06f4)<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062e\u0633\u062a \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062e\u062f\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.( <\/span>Hatfield, 2003, p.162<\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u062f. \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062f: \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06cc \u062e\u0648\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u062e\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.( <\/span>Hatfield, 2003, p.165<\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span>\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0647\u0645 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f\u061b \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06cc \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0648[\u06f3\u06f7]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627[\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646] \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u060c \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u0645.(\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646)<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u062e\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062e\u062f\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06a9 \u062f\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u067e\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0648 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\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06cc \u062e\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0632\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a.( \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f8\u06f9\u060c \u0635\u0635 \u06f2\u06f1\u06f1- \u06f2\u06f1\u06f5) \u0628\u0627 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0648 \u0634\u0634\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0634 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0622\u0645\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062e\u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0645<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f( \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f \u067e\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u062f) \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062e\u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0634\u0645<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0634\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0634\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0632\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062f. \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c (\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u062a) \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u062e \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0622\u0645\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0634\u0645\u060c \u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0634 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06cc \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u062e\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u062f\u0627 \u0647\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f.(\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f9\u06f0\u060c \u0635 \u06f9\u06f2)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06cc \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0648 \u062a\u062e\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u0622\u0646 \u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0632 \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0633 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0647\u0633\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a(\u062d\u0633\u06cc) \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0646\u062e\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647\u00ab \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0634\u0645\u00bb(\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f8\u06f9\u060c \u0635 \u06f2\u06f8\u06f8) \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0646\u06af \u062a\u0635\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u06cc \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0622\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0622\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0631\u0648 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u06a9 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0634\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0631\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0634\u06a9 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u06cc \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0641.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0646 \u0686\u0647 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062e\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.( \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f9\u06f0\u060c \u0635 \u06f1\u06f0\u06f2)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0686\u0647 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u067e\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0632\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u06cc \u062e\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0634\u0645 \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0632\u0627 \u062e\u062f\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u062f\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a.(\u0647\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u060c\u06f1\u06f3\u06f8\u06f9\u060c \u0635\u06f5\u06f2) \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0650 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc[\u06f4\u06f3]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u060c \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u062e\u062f\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u06cc \u0627\u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0633\u062a[\u06f4\u06f4]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>.(\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0635\u06f5\u06f6) \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0632\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0642 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.(<\/span>Mason, 1997, p.26<\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0632\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0634\u0645\u060c \u062e\u062f\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0646\u062f \u062e\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u06cc \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0645( \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u06cc- \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f) \u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.[\u06f4\u06f5]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647:.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u06f1-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/i> \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0633\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u062f\u0627 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0645: \u0627\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u06cc- \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u06cc \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f. \u062f\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064b \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0633\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0634\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0634\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06f2-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0634\u0645 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0632\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/i> \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u06f1-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f9\u06f0\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc<\/i>\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u06cc \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06f2-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f8\u06f4\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0647\u0627<\/i>\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u06cc \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0645. \u0627\u0641\u0636\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06f3-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u06cc\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f8\u06f9\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a<\/i>\u060c \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0633<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06f4-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0647\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f8\u06f9\u060c \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u06cc \u0627\u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0632\u0627<\/i>\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u06cc \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0646\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06f5-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f8\u06f6\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0633<\/i>\u060c \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06f6-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f9\u06f1\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u062a\u0645\u062f\u0646( \u06f1\u06f1\u062c\u0644\u062f\u06cc)\u060c \u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0633<\/i>\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06f7-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u060c \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u062f<\/i>\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06f8\u066b Descartes, Rene, 2008, Meditation on First Philosophy with Selections from the Objections and Replies<\/i>, Trans by Michael Moriarty, Oxford University press<\/span><\/p>\n

\u06f9\u066b\u00a0 <\/span>Cottingham, John, 1993, a Descartes Dictionary<\/i>, Blackwell PUB<\/span><\/p>\n

\u06f1\u06f0\u066b\u00a0 <\/span>Kraye, Brown, Gaukroger etc, 2005, Routledge History of Philosophy, The Renaissance and 17th<\/sup> Century Rationalism<\/i>, Routledge PUB<\/span><\/p>\n

\u06f1\u06f1\u066b Wilson, Margaret Dauler, 2005, Descartes, the Arguments of the Philosophers<\/i>, Routledge PUB<\/span><\/p>\n

\u06f1\u06f2\u066b Hatfield, Gary, 2003, Routledge philosophy guidebook to Descartes and the Meditations<\/i>, Routledge PUB<\/span><\/p>\n

\u06f1\u06f3\u066b Kenny, Anthony, 2006, the Rise of Modern Philosophy<\/i>, Oxford University press<\/span><\/p>\n

\u06f1\u06f4\u066b Mason, Richard, 1997, the God of Spinoza<\/i>, Cambridge University press <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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[\u06f1]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Apostolic Fathers<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[\u06f2]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u00ab\u062e\u062f\u0627\u00bb \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0622\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u06a9 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0637\u06cc\u0646\u06cc. \u0686\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u06a9 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u06a9 \u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u062f\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06cc- \u0686\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a- \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0648 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u062e\u062f\u0627\/\u062e\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0631\u06a9 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u06a9 \u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062f \u0642\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u06cc \u062e\u062f\u0627\/\u062e\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u062d\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[\u06f3]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u0634\u0631\u060c \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0628 \u0648 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0648…<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f4]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u06cc \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u067e\u0633 \u0647\u0645\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0651\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062e\u062f\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u067e\u0633 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062e\u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0631.\u06a9. \u0627\u06cc\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f8\u06f6\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0633\u060c\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645\u062a.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f5]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0648\u067e\u0631\u0646\u06cc\u06a9(\u06f1\u06f5\u06f4\u06f3-\u06f1\u06f4\u06f7\u06f3). \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0645. \u0648\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u06cc \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f6]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u06cc\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u06a9\u067e\u0644\u0631(\u06f1\u06f6\u06f3\u06f0- \u06f1\u06f5\u06f7\u06f1). \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0645. \u0648\u06cc \u0646\u062e\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0636\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f7]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648(\u06f1\u06f6\u06f0\u06f0- \u06f1\u06f5\u06f4\u06f8).\u06a9\u0634\u06cc\u0634 \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0645. \u0648\u06cc \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u06cc\u0626\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u062e\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u06cc \u0634\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0633\u06cc \u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u06cc \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0641\u0631\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u06a9 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f8]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0686\u0633\u06a9\u0648 \u067e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0627(\u06f1\u06f3\u06f7\u06f4-\u06f1\u06f3\u06f0\u06f4). \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627. \u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648\u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062e\u0634\u06a9 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f9]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u0644\u0626\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc(\u06f1\u06f4\u06f4\u06f4-\u06f1\u06f3\u06f7\u06f0). \u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648. \u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0634\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u067e \u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0634\u062f.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f1\u06f0]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u062a\u0626\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u0627\u062f\u0632\u0627( \u06f1\u06f4\u06f7\u06f5- \u06f1\u06f4\u06f0\u06f0). \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f1\u06f1]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u06cc <\/span>process <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f1\u06f2]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06f2\u06f4 \u0627\u0648\u062a \u06f1\u06f5\u06f7\u06f2\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0637\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0633\u06cc \u0647\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u0631.\u06a9. \u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u060c\u06f1\u06f3\u06f9\u06f1\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u062a\u0645\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u062e\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f1\u06f3]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0628 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0635\u06cc\u062d \u0648 \u0628\u0644\u06cc\u063a \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f1\u06f4]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u06cc \u062a\u062c\u0645\u06cc\u0639 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0634\u06a9\u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u062b\u0631\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0634\u06a9\u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u062b\u0631\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f1\u06f5]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> clear<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f1\u06f6]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Distinct<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f1\u06f7]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting one\u2019s Reason and Seeking Truth in the Sciences<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f1\u06f8]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Meditation on\/concerning First Philosophy<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f1\u06f9]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Objections and Replies<\/span>\u060c \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u00ab\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0647\u0627\u00bb \u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u00ab\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u00bb \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f2\u06f0]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Principles of Philosophy<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f2\u06f1]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Rules for the Direction of the Mind<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f2\u06f2]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> The World<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f2\u06f3]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Notes Against a Certain Program<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f2\u06f4]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> The Passions of Soul<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f2\u06f5]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Cogitto Ergo Sum<\/span>\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0634\u0645 \u067e\u0633 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0645. \u0639\u0632\u06cc\u0645\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f2\u06f6]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Method<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f2\u06f7]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> axioms<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f2\u06f8]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> postulates<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f2\u06f9]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u0631.\u06a9. \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u06cc \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0641\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f8\u06f2\u060c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u062a \u0627\u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0632\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f3\u06f0]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> ideas<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f3\u06f1]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Deceiving God<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f3\u06f2]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> tenuous<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f3\u06f3]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> innate<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f3\u06f4]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> adventitious<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f3\u06f5]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Made up<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f3\u06f6]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u00ab \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0645. \u0647\u0631\u0686\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0647 \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u06cc.\u00bb \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06cc \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0628\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0631.\u06a9. \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0645.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f3\u06f7]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f3\u06f8]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> indefinite<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f3\u06f9]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Non- finite<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f4\u06f0]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> infinite<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f4\u06f1]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Ontological argument<\/span>– \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f(<\/span>AT VI.36; CSMK I.129<\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f4\u06f2]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f. \u067e\u06cc\u0631 \u06af\u0627\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u06af\u0627\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u062f:” \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0627 \u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0622\u06cc\u062f…\u0686\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0648 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a” \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u06af\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a.( <\/span>Kenny, 2006, 307<\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f4\u06f3]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> The existence of an absolute whole of being<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f4\u06f4]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0632\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0633. \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0632\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062e\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0647\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[\u06f4\u06f5]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u0648 \u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0632\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0686\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u062f.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u00a0 \u0686\u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a- \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0646\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0646\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0645- \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u06cc \u0634\u06a9 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u062d\u062b \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062a\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a (\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u06cc) \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u06cc \u062e\u062f\u0627 […]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4421","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-13"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a - 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